
写作基础--八大句子成分 主语:句子的主体,说明谓语所表示的动作或者状态的执行者,除倒装句外,一般位于陈述句的开头。通常由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词或从句充当主语。 e.g.to get along with others is the second thing you should learn. 谓语:实义动词(短语)可以单独做谓语,有时态,人称和单复数的变化;系动词不能单独做谓语,只能用于“主系表”结构中;“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”可以做谓语. e.g.i can strengthen the friendship between china and england. 三.宾语:动作的承受者,位于及物动词或介词后边。名词,代词,数词,从句等可以作宾语。 e.g.i would like to express my warmest welcome to you. 四.表语:与前边的系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的状态,身份,属性等。名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,介词短语等可以做表语。 e.g.the theme of the show is environmental protection. 五.定语,是形容词,译为“...的”,单个词做定语放在被修饰词的前边,短语和从句做定语常放在被修饰词之后。 e.g.i want to send my sincere gratitude for your kind help with my english leaning. 六.状语:动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的修饰语。副词,名词,数词,介词短语,形容词,从句等都可以用作状语。 e.g.jane woke up at dawn, thirsty and hungry. e.g.to solve the problem, my classmates and i discussed it and came up with a suggestion. 七.宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的性质。副词,名词,数词,介词短语,形容词,从句等都可以用作宾语补足语。 e.g.my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer.(make的使动用法) 八.同位语:对名词或代词做进一步的解释说明。同位语与该名词或代词在语法中处于同等地位的句子成分。名词,数词,介词短语,形容词,从句等都可以用作同位语。 e.g.uncle paul, my father’s friend, picked us up from the airport. 九个简单句式--写作多元化 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 谓语动词能够表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后边可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等。 e.g.i worked hard for ten years to pay back all the money. e.g.we jumped and cheered with joy. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 谓语动词不能够表达完整的意思,后边必须跟一个宾语,才能表达完整的意思 e.g.we should take part in sports and outdoor activities.(介宾) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(双宾语) 该句式中谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,相关词汇buy,give,send,bring,tell,teach,show,return,offer,lend等。 e.g.she gave me great encouragement. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 该句式中谓语动词虽是及物动词,但是只跟宾语还不能表达其完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使句意完整。宾语补足语是用来说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语后边。 e.g.as a high school student, i think english a very important subject. 主语+系动词+表语 该句式用来说明主语是什么或怎么样,系动词做谓语动词,{常见的系动词见笔记本},表语多为形容词,也可以是名词,介词短语,不定式或动名词等。 e.g.in my opinion, a person without friend will be never happy. there be 句型 该句式表示“有...” 固定句式:1.there is no denying that it(形式主语) was your encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress(真正的主语).不可否认是你的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。. there is no doubt that it is a good chance for us to learn from each other. ... ...
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